What is a listed building?
A listed building is a structure officially recognised as being of special architectural or historic interest. This designation helps protect the building’s character and ensures that any changes respect its significance.
In England, listed buildings are recorded in the National Heritage List and are classified into three grades. An interactive resource is also available at Heritage Gateway.
What the grades mean
- Grade I buildings of exceptional interest, usually judged to be of national importance
- Grade II* are particularly important buildings of exceptional interest and of outstanding importance
- Grade II are other buildings of special interest, which warrant every effort to conserve them
What listing Covers
Listing applies to the entire building, unless specific parts are excluded in the list description. It can include:
- interior and exterior features
- attached structures and fixtures (for example doors, fireplaces)
- later additions or extensions
- pre-1948 buildings or structures within the building’s curtilage (the land attached to it)
Because each listed building is unique, the extent of protection can vary. It’s best to check the individual entry on the National Heritage List. Each listed building has a description to help identify it.
Altering a listed building
If you propose to alter or extend a listed building, in a way that will affect its character or appearance as a building of special architectural or historic interest, you must first apply for Listed Building Consent from the council.
For listed buildings, Pre-Application advice is especially valuable to assess how proposed works might affect the building’s character and significance. Applications may be refused if the changes cause unjustified or substantial harm.
Under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, it is a criminal offence to carry out works to a listed building without Listed Building Consent if those works affect its character. This includes demolition, alteration, or extension without proper approval. Unauthorised works to a listed building are a criminal offence and can lead to fines, prosecution, restoration orders, or even imprisonment. To avoid delays and legal risks, it’s essential to you obtain all necessary consents and permissions before starting any work on a listed building.
How Listed Buildings Are Selected
Buildings are listed by the Secretary of State when they meet criteria set out in GOV.UK guidance, including special architectural or historic interest under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990.
Getting a Building Listed
To apply for listing, submit detailed information including the building’s address, date, architect (if known), historical significance, group value, and interior features. Include clear photos, a location map, and owner contact details. The more evidence you provide, the stronger the application.